Demographics

Since the 1950s medical care, public hygiene and sanitation improved considerably, and epidemics were controlled. Consecutive generations continuously experienced better health. The population growth rate surged as the mortality rate dropped more rapidly than the birth rate. China’s massive population has always been a major difficulty for the government as it has struggled to provide for it. In the 1950s, food supply was inadequate and the standard of living was generally low. This spurred the authorities to initiate a major birth control program. The Great Leap Forward industrial plan in 1958-60 caused a huge famine which caused the death rate to surpass the birth rate and by 1960, the overall population was declining. A second population control drive began in 1962 with major efforts focused on promoting late marriages and the use of contraceptives. By 1963 the country was in the beginning of recovery from the famine and the birth rate soared to its highest since 1949 with an annual population growth rate of 3%. In 1966, the Cultural Revolution suspended this second family planning program, but resumed four years later with the third attempt by making later marriage and family size limitation an obligation. Since 1970, the efforts have been much more effective. The third family planning program continued until 1979 when the one child per family policy was implemented. By the early 1980s, China’s population reached around 1 billion and by the early 2000s, surpassed 1.3 billion. In the 1980s, the average overall population growth was around 1.5%. In the 1990s, this fell to about 1%. Today it is about 0.6%. China's population growth rate is now among the lowest for a developing country, although, due to its large population, annual net population growth is still considerable. One demographic consequence of the one-child policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly ageing countries in the world.
From 100 million to 150 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs.
According to the latest Forbes China Rich List (2007), China had 66 billionaires, the second largest number after the United States, which had 415. In the 2006 Forbes Rich List it stated that there were 15 Chinese billionaires. In the latest 2007 Hurun Report, it lists 106 billionaires in China.

Trade In China

Today China is a global source for the commodities and is focusing on the international trade day by day. There is tough competition in the market but still China is standing its ground and striving its best. It has proved itself in several kinds of businesses and electronic goods manufacturing industry is on its peak. China is a leading supplier of the electronic toys all over the globe. In-spite of China staying into the international trade for quite a long time, it has stood the examination of time and has survived in-spite of neck-to-neck competition in the market.
It got best processes to work with and day-by-day has improved upon the same too. Several manufacturing companies are coming up everyday and global sourcing is been practiced now. This has boosted the average income of the individual and has improved upon the economic status of the nation too. Though China has the problem of highest population in the world but still it is trying its best to boost up the nation’s economy to give a better living to its people.
More and more companies have been practicing global sourcing for quite some time now, however, there has been seen an immense intensification in the number of organizations. These institutional bodies and organizations are concentrating on better global supply base, which provides better foundation to the booming industry sector. Several countries are focusing for China to be their global outsource plant as the manpower and other goods are cheap and easily available. It is the nation getting utmost consideration and attention these days and is principally supplying immense goods in the international trade.
The increase in the number of exports in China has increased in the international trade and it can compensate the losses, which the country had been bearing all these years due to immense imports it had in the past years. It has been a chief exporter to several countries in Asia and in the international trade too. It is gathering benefits from all of its partner nations too and trying to take its economy to greater heights.
Its global boundaries are increasing every day and there is a shift in its global scenario too. Its trade has improved and is greatly diversified and versatile. It is getting more professional and is adapting to a portfolio approach with the use of multiple global sourcing mechanism. There are generally few different kinds of framework like classification, structured model, which are these days been adapted by the industries to improve their production and are varied source of outsourcing mechanism for international trade. Because of all these China is a perfect source of International trade.
In the field of IT industry due to cost reduction for the development and communication there are several countries sourcing themselves from different markets which helps them to reduce the production costs of the products and pay lesser wages too. This is again beneficial for China and will be a win-win situation for both of the nations.

When And What To Import From China

With everyday newer products being added to the list of products for import and export from and to China – people not importing from China are losing their share of pie. If you are into global sourcing, you must consider launching your import and export China business. Likewise, you must be depriving yourself from your share of profits of import and export business when you have not exported your products to China. Almost every recent news on our Television, radio talks about how vast China is spanning with its endless list of products. From tyres to toys, from seafood to pet food, from lead paints to Square Pants products, diverse range of goods are possible for global sourcing – being available in China. If you have an import and export business to launch as China business, you will be loaded with options. You will be having myriad options to import and export by utilizing your China business. If done properly, the China business will take form of a highly profitable source for global sourcing. All you have to do to come out with the flying colours in your import and export business is to embrace proper techniques of importing goods from China business manufacturers or wholesalers.

- Tips on Importing China Business
If you have chosen China as the first source for global sourcing of the products you sell, you have to keep several points in your mind. Here are four basic rules of importing goods using your China business –
The first point will be to know and understand your vendors to perform global sourcing. To ensure that you are going at the right track of China business, ensure you identify your vendors or local China partners better. As a China business owner, you have to curb expensive expenses and to be ready for some unknown risks and occurrences side by side potential benefits. You may browse Internet for relevant information, articles educating, detailing and guiding new players in China business field. Despite profits, an overseas China business owner must be prepared to some domestic problems. You may confront cheating vendors who do not meet global standard. Evaluate samples of products local partners' work ethics by inspecting their manufacturing process at their factories. Bring test samples of the products you are dealing in China business. Make sure you have made sufficient contacts before you actually agree to work with a vendor and place your order accordingly,
Secondly, choose those reputed vendors to maintain quality of the products you are importing through China business. Choose reputed vendors to identify and improve products, give you ideas on related topics including packaging.
The third important factor involved in China based global sourcing is finding information on shipping and its rates, duties, customs etc. Getting informed about freight forwarder is not enough, focus on some particular goods that they are shipping you, their shipping techniques and delivery schedules.
Finally, stick to only reliable and reputed logistic partners to package what you obtain through global sourcing through your China business. An excellent logistic partner will provide you warehousing, fulfilment etc.

China Shipping

In 1961 China established a state-run marine shipping company and subsequently signed shipping agreements with many countries, laying the foundation for developing the country's ocean transport.
That organization developed into the present-day China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company (COSCO), one of the world's largest shipping corporations.
The Chinese government also invested heavily in water transport infrastructure, constructing new ports and rebuilding and enlarging older facilities.
A major effort has also been made to increase mechanization and containerization at major international ports.
In addition, China has become one of the world's premier shipbuilding countries, satisfying domestic demand and exporting ships and oil-drilling platforms worldwide.
China's shipping industry and container transportation has reached international standards both in handling efficiency and building networks.
The governmental responsibility of the shipping industry is under the Ministry of Communications.
The number of container units handled by mainland Chinese ports in November 2007 reached 100 million, highlighting the country's position as a major player in the industry worldwide. For every two containers traveling along shipping lines in the Pacific Ocean, one is from China. The country also manufactures 90% of the world's containers.
The throughput of cargo and containers at China's ports has been the largest in the world for the past five years, with an annual growth rate of 35%.

Geography
China's 8,700-mile- (14,000-km-) long coastline is indented by some 100 large and small bays and has some 20 deepwater harbours, most of which are ice-free throughout the year.
Coastal shipping is divided into two principal navigation zones, the northern and southern marine districts.
The northern district extends north from Xiamen to the North Korean border, with Shanghai as its administrative centre. The southern district extends south from Xiamen to the Vietnamese border, with Guangzhou as the administrative center.
Most of the ocean-going routes begin from the ports of Dalian, Qinghuangdao, Tanggu, Qingdao, Shanghai, Huangpu, Zhanjiang, or Hong Kong.
Shanghai, the leading port of China from the early 19th century, was eclipsed by Hong Kong when the latter was reincorporated into the country in 1997.

Yangtze River Hu-Yu Route

On June 23, 2007, renovations on the section of the Yangtze River between Luzhou and Chongqing, also known as the Hu-Yu Sea Route, have been completed. This completion of the renovations means that ships over a thousand tons can now arrive in Luzhou.
Before the renovations, the Hu-Yu Sea Route was unable to take advantage of the overall development being enjoyed by the Sichuan economy. In October 2005 renovations started with a total investment of 120 million yuan (US$15.7 million). After two years of work, the Hu-Yu Route has been significantly enhanced: the channel has a depth of 2.7 meters and a width of 50 meters. The result is that vessels as large as 3000 tons can navigate the Hu-Yu Sea Route day and night.

Customer relationship management and China Business Process Outsourcing

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China had also offered academicians staying outside to come to the mainland and train students. China would emerge as the biggest threat to India in the coming years in the field of IT outsourcing. Chinese were very hard working, competitive, and dedicated, as a result of which they were able to overcome any odds by dint of labour. He said that China had chalked out a massive programme on primary education with focus on training in English.

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Electronic Banking & ATM in China

Electronic banking

In 1994, China started the "Golden Card Project," enabling cards issued by banks to be used all over the country through a network. The establishment of the China Association of Banks rapidly promoted the inter-bank card network and by the end of 2004, the inter-region-inter-bank network had reached 600 cities, including all prefecture-level cities and more than 300 economically developed county-level cities.

International ATMs

PRC citizens may apply for an international ATM card corresponding to an interbank network such as Cirrus or PLUS, but foreign residents may not. Foreign residents in PRC, however, may use such interbank networks at ATMs in PRC through ATM cards procured in foreign countries.

Interbank ATMs are common throughout the country, especially in densely-populated urban areas such as Beijing.

Tourism Industry in China

China's tourism industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in the national economy and is also one of the industries with a very distinct global competitive edge. The total revenue of China's tourism industry reached USD 67.3 billion in 2002, accounting for 5.44% of the GDP. It dropped, largely due to SARS, to USD 59 billion in 2003. Nevertheless, for areas rich in tourism resources, tourism has become the main source of tax revenue and the key industry for economic development.
The total number of inbound tourists was 91.66 million in 2003, and that of tourists staying overnight was 32.7 million, about 10 times of the number in 1980. International tourism receipts were USD 17.4 billion in 2003. China's ranking for both the overnight tourist arrivals and tourism receipts were among the world's top five in 2003. However, there is unlikely to be a big increase in the inbound tourism market.
China's domestic tourism market makes up more than 90% of the country's tourism traffic, and contributes more than 70% of total tourism revenue. In 2002, domestic tourists reached 878 million and tourism revenue was USD 46.9 billion. The five-days-per-week and long vacation schemes have increased leisure time for the Chinese people and spurred market demand in domestic tourism and led to its prosperity.
A large middle class population with strong consumption power is emerging in China, especially in major cities. China's outbound tourists reached 20.22 million in 2003, overtaking Japan for the first time. Currently there are 65 countries/areas open to Chinese tour groups. Putting aside the threat of SARS and other unexpected events, based on the current economic growth situation and the social development of China, China's outbound tourism is poised to achieve a new growth peak.
Driven by the flourishing tourism industry, China's tourist hotel sector is expanding rapidly. At the end of 2003, China had a total of 10,093 tourist hotels and more than 820,000 rooms. 773 of these tourist hotels were foreign-funded. The number of foreign-funded (inclusive of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan investments) four- and five-star tourist hotels made up 26% and 30.02% of the national total, respectively.
In 2003, there were a total of 11,522 travel agencies in China, among which, 1,349 were international ones and 10,203 were domestic ones. While overall tourism market concentration rose, there was a drop in the market position of the traditional three key travel agencies. As competition heightened, China's tourism industry on the whole, had begun to start earning low profits, even while it was expanding its scale of operations.
Currently, there are approximately 15,000 natural, cultural and man-made places of attraction which are above county level. Presently, Hong Kong investors are the main participants in the establishment of tourist attractions in China. In 2001, Sichuan became the first province to propose renting out the operation rights of 10 scenic areas to foreign investors.
According to the plan by China National Tourism Administration, the number of inbound tourists, foreign exchange earnings from tourism and the domestic market size are targeted to have an annual growth of 4%, 8% and 8%, respectively, in the next five to ten years. It is also forecast by the WTO that China's tourism industry will take up to 8.6% of world market share to become the world's top tourism industry by 2020.